THE
PROJECT OF THE SPECIALIZED TOPOGRAPHIC MAP FOR HYDROECOLOGIC PURPOSES
V.A. Krivolapov
Moscow
State University for Geodesy and Cartography
cartography@miigaik.ru
Now learning and mapping of water
resources transforms to very actual problem in connection with growth of the
anthropogenic effects which are causing changes in water relationships of the
rivers, lakes, transformation of connatural waters, changes of an ecological
state of water objects - often on unpredictable directions. At the same time annual
growth of a water consumption volume and requirements to quality of water is
marked.
Cartographical providing was always one
of conditions of rational usage and the count of natural resources and a state
of water objects. The published hydroecological maps have the scientific basis,
differ depth of the contents, optimization of legends, but are compiled, as a
rule, in small scales and represent the common hydroecological picture at a
level of enough large areas or in scale of all country. Now the maps giving
more detailed information and with more exact spatial fixation of the facts are
actual. Specialized topographical maps of new type or maps for hydroecological proposes
could respond this requirement. The specialized maps developed within the
limits of the river basins concept, considering both connatural processes, and
anthropogenic influences on catch water basins, on our opinion, will be
optimal.
The state topographical maps are the
important source of the hydroecological information. They surpass on accuracy
many other maps and allow receiving metric characteristics of water objects.
Specialized topographical maps are created on the basis of universal ones,
within the limits of their accuracy, and are characterized by addition of the
contents or its directed unloading for particular branch of a national economy.
Production of specialized maps is economically effectively and justified only
at their compilation in a unified work cycle with universal maps.
The topographical maps assume equal
value of mapped objects and the phenomena. On the maps of hydroecological proposes
water objects and their characteristics should be shown in more detail.
A type and a project of specialized
topographical maps of hydroecological proposes is presented in our researches.
The offered contents of maps represents a data system on the water objects,
envisioning characteristic of their genetical features, morphological, dynamic
features. Designations of connatural objects are grouped on sections: water
relationships and dynamics of the rivers, lakes; morphology and dynamics of
coast; relief of a shore band; quality of water. Hydraulic engineering
facilities and objects of water supply are separately characterized: water
basins, their sorts and characteristics; canals (land-reclamation, navigable)
and their characteristics; water pipes; hydraulic engineering facilities on
water basins, rivers, canals. The special section is devoted to hydroecological
dangers, objects of anthropogenic effect on water objects. The special attention
is given to hydrological monuments and nature phenomena. Legend and samples of offered
type maps are illustrated in the report.