Spatial Analysis of Lead, Copper and Zinc Contamination in Water and Sediment on the Surroundings of Fundão Island, in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with the Support of Geoprocessing and IDW Interpolation
ISBN 978-85-88783-11-9
Authors
1Caldas, V.; 2Borges, R.; 3Aghina, A.; 4Lamego Simões Filho, F.F.; 5Franklin Lapa, C.M.
1INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING Email: godoy_geo@yahoo.com.br
2INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING Email: renatacouraborges@hotmail.com
3INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING Email: alfredoaghina@hotmail.com
4FRANCISCO FERNANDO
5INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
Abstract
The Guanabara Bay is located in the city of Rio de Janeiro and suffers a big environmental degradation, specially on the west side of the hydrographic region. The sewage treatment provided by the bays which contribute to the Guanabara bay have been insufficient and inefficient. Throughout the history of Rio de Janeiro, the west hydrographic part of the Guanabara bay has a big industry and low income workers concentration. The substantial raise didn't result on the social development, on the contrary, aggravated the environmental and social problems that existed there. This study has as its objective evaluate the spatial distribution from the heavy metal pollution (Pb, Cu and Zn) on the Fundão Island, Guanabara bay surroundings, through maps, monitoring data and bibliography. For this operation the maps were generated through monitoring data. The used geostatistical interpolation method was the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) with the results obtained from the heavy metals concentration analyzed by mass spectometry as basis, this data was provided by the Enviromental State Institute (Instituto Estadual do Meio Ambiente, INEA). Thirteen monitoring points were chosen, in which they presented the complete series history of the heavy metals between the years of 2000 to 2011. Furthermore, in this operation the heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) were evaluated in water and in sediment to verify the concentration contrasts and its distribution in space. The Heavy metal behavior studied was different during the rainy and dry season. The maps showed a higher Lead concentration in water on the rainy season; the Copper presented the higher concentration in water on the dry season and the biggest Zinc concentration was found on sediment. Some of the parameters taken in consideration were: pH, heavy metal type and concentration, thin conglomerate, contact time, vertical and lateral hydrous gradient. Chemical parameters such as: saltiness, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration, which help the remobilization process between the metal and the components in sediment.
Keywords
Spatial Analysis; Inverse Distance Weighting; Fundão Island