Special analysis of urban growth in the state of Rio de Janeiro during 1970 to 2010 using the geotechnology.
ISBN 978-85-88783-11-9
Authors
1Oliveira, A.P.; 2Silva de Queiroz Lourenço2, J.; 3Santos Duarte, G.; 4Maria Moura, P.; 5Maria Feitosa da Rocha de Souza, E.
1UFRJ Email: oliveira.apdo@gmail.com
2UFRJ Email: julialouren@gmail.com
3UFRJ Email: gabriel11705@gmail.com
4UFRJ Email: almeida.pmm@gmail.com
5UFRJ Email: elizabethmfr@gmail.com
Abstract
Urban growth in Brazil is becoming a key point in the social, cultural and environmental development of the country. Knowing the centers of attraction of urban growth in recent decades helps governments and civil society in the planning and management actions. Within this context, the objective of this study was to assess the rate of growth of the population of the municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro as the evolution of urbanization, identifying and analyzing the route of development between the years 1970-2010, based on total existing population in each county. The methodology was applied with the organization of a georeferenced database of municipalities with total population. The trajectory of the midpoint of the variables was obtained by weighted interpolation of the coordinates of the centroids. Were calculated the center of mass for each year, using the expression: sum of the population of the municipality multiplied by the centroid of the municipality divided by the total population of the state, the population data were acquired in the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and the centroids of municipalities was made from the vectoring of the city for the spatial configuration of 1970.Then, the points of coordinates were plotted, operation which results on trajectory showing the spatial dynamics of the state's population over the years. To complement the research and facilitate spatial visualization of urban growth areas, was used the object-oriented classification (GEOBIA) of scenes from the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 to generate the urban areas map. These images had to go through some digital processes corrections, as atmospheric correction for both and for Landsat 5 correction geometric too.In order to identify the structure of spatial correlation between the municipalities was used the tool of global Moran index.This methodology was important to recognize the trends in population displacement, and to support the initially hypotheses that the population was moving in a direction of state and reversed for a few reasons, such as tourism and oil activities in Campos basin. Initially population growth occurs in a westerly direction of the state, reverting to the east after 1980. That occurs probably because the municipality of Rio de Janeiro was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, and the metropolitan region was consolidated in 1974. After that, the regions as "Baixada" and "Norte Fluminense" had large investments due to direct action in the oil sector, and the vantage to be a great place, beyond the installation of many industries and universities in these regions. These factors helped to attract labor, students, and tourists to the place.The classification sought to study the spatial dynamics of urban sprawl, so the final classes were generated: urban and non-urban. Although the municipality of Rio de Janeiro still compose the majority of the population, other municipalities in recent years has become focus of growing population for innumerable reasons of attraction.In future steps, we intend to refine the classification thus achieving more specifically result, identifying the different levels of urban.
Keywords
Urban growth; global Moran index; GEOBIA